A Study And Definition Of Cabaret Drama Essay

The term ‘cabaret ‘ is derived from the Gallic word for wine basement or tap house, and finally was used to mention to any type of concern that sold alcoholic drinks. However, as historian Lisa Appignanesi explains, popular use ‘conjures up visions of sleazy strip articulations on clammy metropolis streets or cabarets where the extortionate monetary value of cocktails is seldom linked to the meager phase menu ‘ ( 2004: p. 1 ) . Cabaret, since its outgrowth in the late 1800s, has been a popular signifier of amusement, peculiarly during times of subjugation. This can be understood by following its early yearss in Paris, up through the German ‘Kabarett‘ , as it was known, in the 1920s and 1930s. The twelvemonth 1881 is frequently thought of as the ‘beginning ‘ of nightclub, for this was the twelvemonth in whichLe Chat Noir( or ‘Black Cat ‘ ) came into being in the Montmartre subdivision of Paris. However, Appignanesi points out that in the mid-fifteenth century in France, the impression of nightclub was already in being ; wine basements were often the venue for unrecorded amusement: ‘The two signifiers of artistic nightclub which were to emerge some centuries later were already at that place in source: nightclub as a meeting topographic point for creative persons where public presentation or improvisation takes topographic point among equals, and nightclub as an confidant, small-scale but intellectually ambitious review ‘ ( 2004: p. 1 ) . The signifier of nightclub that came into being in 1881 had a more rational and artistic ambiance, possibly in portion due to the formation of a literary society known as the ‘Hydropathes‘ . This was a group of creative persons, chiefly authors and poets, who would convene hebdomadal to portion work with one another. Their popularity grew quickly and their Numberss increased. This, harmonizing to Appignanesi, was the start of the true nature of nightclub: ‘It emerged either as a research lab, a testing land for immature creative persons who frequently intentionally advertised themselves as an daring, or as the satirical phase of modernity, a critically brooding mirror of topical events, ethical motives, political relations and civilization ‘ ( 2004: p. 5 ) .II. Gallic Cabaret By the 18th century France, the tradition of offering nutrient and drink had begun to take clasp ; nevertheless, it was non until the 19th century that the impression of ‘cafes-concerts ‘was to the full accepted. Rearick explains that ‘live ‘ vocalizing was highly common during the 1800s and up until the bend of the century ; record players were non common to the multitudes, so unrecorded amusement was the criterion: ‘In streets and courtyards, the fin-de-siecle Gallic on a regular basis listened to itinerant vocalists, as their ascendants had through the centuries ‘ ( Rearick, 1988: p. 46 ) . In the 1880s and 1890s, thesecafes-concertscontinued to proliferate, so that by the bend of the century there were more than 260 constitutions of the type ( Rearick, 1988: p. 46 ) . The music was uninterrupted, with vocal after vocal being performed, frequently to packed audiences.Le Chat Noir As stated above, 1881 is considered a landmark day of the month in cabaret history, as this was the twelvemonth in whichLe Chat Noir( or ‘Black Cat ‘ ) came into being in the Montmartre subdivision of Paris. Harmonizing to Appignanesi, the symbol of the black cat is derived from the work of Edgar Allan Poe, a clear indicant of the strong literary tradition nightclub was associated with. ‘The first cabaretists gave birth to an eclectic cat ‘ , notes Appignanesi. ‘A cat who could sing, declaim, dance, create shadow dramas, write music, wordss, travesty, and above all, perform ‘ ( 2004: p. 9 ) . Le Chat Noir was the inspiration of Roldolphe Salis, besides known as the Baron de la Tour de Naintre. Its initial place was a infinite of two suites, but its popularity increased so quickly that it shortly took topographic point in much more broad and elegant milieus. Salis is credited with holding introduced the piano to the nightclub, an add-on which greatl y enhanced the popularity of nightclubs among the populace. Salis did this despite the being of a authorities legislative act that prohibited music in nightclubs. This neglect for authorization has come to be associated with cabaret life as we have come to believe of it today. Salis ‘ following move was to ask for more and more creative persons and instrumentalists to pass clip at his constitution. He had become acquainted with fellow creative person Emile Goudeau, who was a Hydropath, and it was through Salis ‘ influence that the Hydropathes moved from the Left Bank to Le Chat Noir in Montmartre. Salis was besides known for his self-aggrandisement ; the cabaret shortly began to print a journalalso known asChat Noirin which he wrote: ‘The Chat Noir is the most extraordinary nightclub in the universe. You rub shoulders with the most celebrated work forces of Paris, meeting at that place with aliens from every corner of the universe ‘ (ChatNoir) . In general, the manner of the diary was frequently marked by macabre narratives, non unlike the work of Poe himself. Humorous essays were besides often featured. It besides contained illustrations, and a figure of postings by Toulouse-Lautrec, many of which can be seen on posting reissues from that era. In the 1880s, the primary illustrators of the diary included Adolphe Willette, Caran d'Ache, Theophile-Alexandre Steinlen, Henri Riviere and George Auriol (Chat Noir) . Cheap and easy accessible, the four-page diary rapidly grew in popularity ( Krafft, 2006: par. 2 ) . It was a signifier of look that was unfastened to everyo ne who wanted their voices to be heard.Shadow Theatre: Precursor of Cinema It is frequently thought that the shadow theater at Chat Noir was instrumental in the beginnings of film. Henri Riviere, whose illustrations appeared in the diary, was one of the cardinal figures involved. Zinc figures were silhouetted against a backlit background, and music and sometimes narrative would be included. The ensuing eyeglassess were rather popular and attracted such celebrated people as Claude Debussy, Eric Satie, and Toulouse-Lautrec ( Krafft, 2006: par. 6 ) . Riviere besides collaborated with George Auriol in the completion of a series of shadow books. These were to a great extent decorated in a Nipponese manner that shortly became known as the genreart nouveau.The most celebrated work that came out of this clip, nevertheless, was a volume known asLes Trente-six Vues de la Tour Eiffel,a series of prints, thirty-six in all, of Paris at the clip. The Nipponese influence is really evident in this work, peculiarly the work of Hokusai in his word pictures of Mount Fuji ( Kr afft, 2006: par. 8 ). The Chat Noir ‘s success was instrumental in doing Montmartre the centre of artistic life in Paris. Although it was non the lone nightclub, it was by far the most celebrated. Other constitutions includedCabaret des Quat'z ‘ Humanistic disciplines,La Lune Rousse,Les Pantins,and the more celebrated Le Mirliton. Le Mirliton is Gallic for ‘reed pipe ‘ , but has the secondary significance of ‘doggerel ‘ . The nightclub was really located in the original place of the Chat Noir, and the creative person most normally associated with it was Aristide Bruant. Bruant was ardently political, and his vocals are full of mentions to the desperation and poorness of victims of societal unfairness. Prisoners, cocottes, and castawaies in general were frequently topics of his work. The wordss were written in the linguistic communication of the streets, and were frequently satirical. Bruant himself was made celebrated in a posting of him that was created by Toulouse-Lau trec. Appignanesi describes his wordss as both acrimonious and hopeful: ‘With his deep affinity for the topics of his vocals, yet without a hint of moralising mawkishness, Bruant exposes the predicament of the lower deepnesss and the demand for alteration ‘ ( 2004: p. 27 ) . His wordss are frequently considered the root of the cabaret chanson tradition. Below are the wordss of a vocal that Bruant composed in 1898 for his election run for the legislative assembly, and one which represents the motives and political subjects that traditionally marked his work: If I were your deputy, Oho! Oho! One can merely seek I would add the word Humanity To the three of our radical call. Alternatively of talking every twenty-four hours For the democracy or the imperium Making addresss that leap into fire, But have nil to state I ‘d defend the mewling baby Of unwed female parents, the hapless old common people Who freeze in the wintry metropolis, They ‘d be every bit warm as a summer ‘s twenty-four hours If I were made deputy In Belleville. ( Bruant, qtd. in Appignanesi, 2004: p. 27 ) We can see in Bruant ‘s wordss the sorts of issues that were relevant and the political ambiance at that clip. It is no surprise that he sings of hungry kids ( ‘mewling babies ‘ ) , unwed female parents, the impoverished, the homeless ‘who freezing in the wintry metropolis ‘ . These were the people who were unaccustomed to holding a voice in society ; nightclub offered them a forum, a manner of self-expression that would hopefully take to the societal reforms that were so urgently needed.Womans in Cabaret Womans were non actively involved in nightclub in these early yearss, but they were non wholly unrepresented. Yvette Guilbert ( 1867-1944 ) was one of the few adult females of this clip period who performed cabaret-type vocals. She got her start in traditional theater in Paris, but shortly moved to Montmartre, which was genuinely the centre of artistic spirit at the clip. Her manner was alone ; she would both talk and sing her wordss, a trait for which she was shortly known as ‘diseuse five de siecle ‘, or end-of-the-century Teller. She appeared chiefly in such locales as the Divan Japonais, the Moulin Rouge, and Les Ambassadeursthough she did non execute in nightclubs themselves. In the early yearss of nightclub, nevertheless, adult females were a rareness: Appignanesi points out that ‘the signifier had to go to Germany and Austria before adult females became an built-in portion of its makeup ‘ ( 2004: p. 29 ) .II. Cabaret in Berlin Cabaret began to distribute in popularity, traveling far beyond the boundaries of Paris and France. It became even more popular all across Europe at the terminal of World War I, where it found a comfy niche in which to boom. Wilhelmine Germany, nevertheless, was non every bit free-spirited as Paris was: ‘A hierarchal construction of authorization prevailed, breeding a battalion of uniformed functionaries, promoting flunkies and political alienation ‘ ( Appignanesi, 2004: p. 36 ) . During this clip period, corruptness was every bit widespread as it was unreliable. In add-on, rigorous censoring made it hard for any sort of art to boom. Artists and authors who expressed thoughts that were considered unacceptableand most thoughts at the clip werewould have their public presentations stopped, their work seized. In some instances, the creative persons themselves would be imprisoned. Around 1900, nevertheless, the ambiance began to alter. Thinkers like Nietzsche began to hold mo re and more influence, and new thoughts and ideas began to go around. Finally, creative persons who had been kept down for so long were eventually free to show themselves. Rootss in Munich At the bend of the century, the metropolis that was known as the centre for the humanistic disciplines in Germany was Munich. This is whereSimplicissimusgot its start and continued to boom. The Schwabing territory was home to a figure of creative persons and performing artists. The terminal of the censoring that had been rampant under the Wilhelminian epoch eventually arrived, and the Weimar Republic had begun. At this point, the old order in Berlin ceased to be, and it shortly became the widely distributed capital of Germany.Otto Julius Bierbaum andDeutsche Chansons In 1900,Deutsche Chansonsmade its introduction. This book, published by Otto Julius Bierbaum, was a aggregation of singable verse forms, including plants by Richard Dehmel, Arno Holz, and Frank Wedekind. Bierbaum was interested in doing art that was available to the people: ‘his purpose was to do art permeate the entireness of life ‘ , notes Appignanesi: ‘Painters today†¦ are doing chairs for people to sit on, non for museums ‘ ( 2004: p. 37 ) . The motion inspired by Bierbaum ‘s efforts to ‘functionalise ‘ poesy is known asJugendstil.This motion had an of import impact on the go oning development of nightclub. From this point on, it would be marked by its willingness to take on popular manners of look: ‘The acceptance of popular signifiers, for whatever motor, cultural or political, was to stay a portion of the nightclub tradition throughout, every bit good as one of the drive forces of modernism ‘ ( Appignanesi, 2004: p. 37 ) . This meeting of signifier and map may non look surprising to society today, but during this period ofJugenstil,it signified a new manner of looking at the universe. With the terminal of censoring that came through the Weimar period, it was an ideal clip and topographic point for nightclub to develop. However, nightclub in Germany would somewhat switch its focal point. It would go more serious. As it developed and became more widespread and progressively popular, it would besides maturate and lose some of the gaiety it was accorded in Paris. Harmonizing to Appignanesi, a figure of factors, happening about at the same clip, contributed to the birth of nightclub in Germany. The hebdomadal magazine,Simplicissimus, was launched in 1896 by Albert Langen, and frequently contained parts from authors who included Thomas Mann and Rainer Maria Rilke. A satirical publication, it included non merely composing, but sketchs every bit good, and was diagrammatically rather advanced and bold. It often took on political issues, such as the 1897 jurisprudence punishing workers who went on work stoppage. AfterDeutsche Chansonsmade its introduction, things began to alter at a rapid gait. It shortly became clear that Berlin accepted nightclub as a meeting topographic point for creative persons and authors. The hub of activity at the bend of the century had been Munich, as stated earlier, peculiarly the Schwabing territory. Appignanesi asserts that this meeting of endowment along with a carnival atmosphere ‘resulted in Munich ‘s bring forthing one of the most fertile and interesting of European nightclubs ‘ ( 2000: p. 42 ) , and one that spread throughout the state during the Weimar old ages.The Eleven Executioners Lex Heinzewas the name given to the rigorous jurisprudence that gave constabularies the power to interfere in artistic affairs in Germany. The constabulary took full advantage of this power, and in a figure of ways. Confiscation of publications such as books or magazines was common. Even public presentation art was affected: parts of a public presentation could be deleted, sometimes full Acts of the Apostless. Furthermore, piquing creative persons or authors could be imprisoned. A group of Secessionist painters,Simplicissimusstaff members, and pupils and histrions from the academic Dramatic Union, formed a protest group, eleven of whom would come to be known as ‘the Eleven Executioners ‘ . What they planned to ‘execute ‘ , harmonizing to Appignanesi, was the really thought of societal lip service itself. She explains that ‘these hangmen of the position quo knew that if they performed publically they would be harassed by censoring, and so they called them selves a nine which played merely to invited invitees, one dark every hebdomad ‘ ( 2004: p. 44 ) . In this manner, they were able to execute without intervention. A sample of their vocals is below: It looms on high that black block We judge heartily and Pierce. Blood ruddy bosom, blood ruddy frock, Our merriment is ever ferocious. Any enemy of the clip Will run into the executioner ‘s axe Any friends of decease and offense, We ‘ll decorate with vocal and rime. ( qtd. in Appignanesi, 2004: p. 44 ) As in the plants of Bruant, subjects of equality and equity were normally found in the vocals performed by the Executioners. They were socially witting and really much aware of the predicament of those society held in small respect: the destitute members of society, those who most needed to be heard but had small opportunity of holding that happen. Among the most celebrated of the Executioners was Frank Wedekind. Wedekind ‘s disfavor of authorization was good established by the clip he joined their ranks. He was known for composing parody and satires that mocked the hypocritical behaviours of those in power. In add-on, he was known to hold a strong phase presence, and would give long, strident public presentations that would electrify audiences both in their dramatic bringing and their hideous content. Below is an illustration of Wedekind ‘s incendiary sarcasms: I have murdered beloved Auntie Alice, My Auntie so old and so frail. Motivated by greed and maliciousness I went directly on the hoarded wealth trail. Her small house was merely huming With bills, with portions and with gold. I heard my Auntie ‘s heavy external respiration But that left me absolutely cold. I merely followed my intuition In the dark I opened her door And stab her without suppression My Auntie sighed and breathed no more. The aureate coins were weighing me down, Her organic structure was heavy as lead, But I dragged Auntie without a scowl Through the garden and into the shed. I have murdered beloved Auntie Alice, My Auntie so old and so frail. I ‘m immature, so immature, yet out of maliciousness They ‘ve sentenced me to life-long gaol. ( qtd. in Appiganesi, 2004: p. 49 ) The rough sarcasm and scratchy daring of this and other ballad-type vocals were one of Wedekind ‘s hallmarks, and it was non long before he extended this into lampoon. Nothing was considered sacred ; he even wrote a lampoon of the national anthem,Deutschland, Deutschland & A ; Atilde ; ?ber alles.In this instance, nevertheless, he published the piece under a anonym. In actuality, the span of clip the Eleven Executioners were together as a group was non really long. However, the impact they had was immense. The group had all but disbanded by 1903. Yet, during that clip, they were able to convey their message to all parts of the state, and they were considered instrumental in distributing cabaret itself. They are frequently credited with assisting to popularise the genre and convey it to Vienna, the artistic capital of pre-war Europe.IV. Later Cabaret Christopher Isherwood Christopher Isherwood ‘s plants include two semi-autobiographical novels that are an of import portion of cabaret history:Berlin NarrativesandGoodbye to Berlin.In fact, Bob Fosse ‘s 1972 movieCabaretwas inspired byGoodbye to Berlin. This aggregation of pieces is about life in Berlin during 1930 and 1931, at the beginning of the Nazi rise to power. ‘More than doing monsters, hence, the Berlin novels account for how monsters are made when history itself becomes monstrous ‘ , notes Shuttleworth. ( 2000: p. 160 ) . ‘If the concluding sense of the texts is that the trespass of life by art is black, they are every bit clear that the separation of art from life is impossible, and that the thought of an ingenuous universe, claiming genuineness or objectiveness, is a psychotic belief dangerous in itself ‘ ( Shuttleworth, 2000: p. 160 ) .Cabaret in Film:Cabaret The movieCabaret,directed by Bob Fosse, was released in 1972. Immediately popular, the movie shortly became a authoritative. In it, one can acquire an thought of what nightclub was like in 1932 Berlin.Cabaretwas inspired by Christopher Isherwood ‘sGoodbye to Berlin, a aggregation of pieces, some of which are autobiographical, approximately life in Berlin during 1930 and 1931, at the beginning of the Nazi rise to power. The pieces are valuable as a description of a important period in German and universe history, and the consequence the altering political tide had on the universe of nightclub. ‘Isherwood ‘s portrayal of the Berlin demimonde and of the morally belly-up center categories has by and large been taken to uncover a cultural status, or allow us state a widespread province of head, which somehow explainsand possibly even foretoldwhat was to go on in Europe and the universe at big during the following 15 old ages ‘ ( Bucknell, 2000: p. 13 ) . The narrative opens up with the Kit Kat Klub, in Berlin. It is set in the late 20s, before the subjugation of Hitler had settled in. The Kit Kat Klub was an existent nightclub in Berlin during the 1930s. This is the common bond that links American Sally Bowles with several other colourful characters who are representative of society of the clip. Among them was a affluent German politician, a British instructor, and of class, the all-knowing Master of Ceremonies. Enormously celebrated, the movie is still considered a authoritative, and is frequently seen as a metaphor for the suicide that was subsequently to follow as fascism engulfed Germany.Cabaret in Film: The Blue Angel The Blue Angel,starring Marlene Dietrich, is another classic in which the Weimar cabaret manner is considered to be accurately depicted. It is slackly based onProfessor Unrath,the novel by Heinrich Mann. Dietrich, who was comparatively unknown at the clip, played Lola-Lola, the star of the Blue Angel, a character known for her bold, audacious gender. Professor Immanuel Rath is a headmaster, known for his deficiency of a sense of temper and his Puritan attack to life. Upon detecting that some of his pupils have been patronizing The Blue Angel, he decides to demo up at the nightclub himself, trusting to catch pupils in the act. His visit opens up a new universe to himthe animal, free, loose universe of cabaret lifeand after trying this, it is clear that he will ne'er be the same.V. Conclusion By following the development of the nightclub genre, from its early yearss in Paris, up through the German ‘Kabarett‘ , as it was known, in the 1920s and 1930s, one can see how it became steadfastly entrenched as a vehicle for the oppressed. The twelvemonth 1881 is frequently thought of as the landmark day of the month for the start of nightclub, for this was the twelvemonth in whichLe Chat Noircame into being in Paris. However, as has been pointed out, the impression of nightclub was already in being ; wine basements were often the venue for unrecorded amusement as far back as the 15th century. Cabaret shortly became known as a meeting topographic point for creative persons, authors, and performing artists ; it game them a common assemblage topographic point in which chumminess was established, thoughts were shared, and history was made. The signifier of nightclub that came into being in 1881 had a more rational and artistic ambiance, influenced greatly by the literary group ofHydropathes. It spread, as we have seen, throughout Europe ; with the terminal of the censoring that had been rampant under the Wilhelminian epoch, nightclub settled in Berlin, a place in which it flourished and matured. As the genre developed, it became more widely accepted every bit good as progressively popular ; it besides matured and lost some of the gaiety it was known for in Paris. Historically, nightclub has been the voice of freedom. It has represented advancement and been both a vehicle for self-expression and an instrument of alteration. Throughout history, we have seen that catastrophes will happen, events over which we have no controlwe besides have seen that we have, and will, rally from them. To that terminal, we have art. But if, as Appignanesi points out, ‘the creative person ‘s metaphorical gun is no peculiarly powerful arm, it can still incite displacements of consciousness ‘ ( 2004: p. 251 ) . Art can remind us that there is another manner of making things, a fresh world that we can keep onto and trust for. But ‘art ‘ has non ever been known for its handiness. Cabaret is, in that sense, the art of the people, a oasis that has historically attracted those for whom society holds in small respect: the impoverished, the fringy, the less fortunatethose who most needed to be heard but have small opportunity of holding that h appen.Mentions Appignanesi, Lisa. 2004.The Cabaret.New Haven and London: Yale University Press. Berg, James, and Freeman, Chris, eds. 2000.The Isherwood Century: Essaies on the Life and Work of Christopher Isherwood.London: University of Wisconsin Press. Bucknell, Katherine. 2000. ‘Who Is Christopher Isherwood? ‘ In Berg, James, and Freeman, Chris, eds. ,The Isherwood Century: Essaies on the Life and Work of Christopher Isherwood.London: University of Wisconsin Press, pp. 13-30.Chat Noir. n.d. Retrieved electronically on August 25, 2006, from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.nyu.edu/greyart/exhibits/counter/html/body_chatnoir.html Jackson, Jeffrey. 2000. ‘Music-Halls and the Assimilation of Jazz in 1920s Paris ‘ . Journal of Popular Culture.Fall 2000, Vol. 34, Issue 2, pp. 69-82. Krafft, Scott. 2006. ‘Shadow Theatre of Montmartre ‘ . From the Charles Deering McCormick Library of Particular Collections. Retrieved electronically on August 25, 2006, from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.library.northwestern.edu/librarybriefings/archives/000830.html Rearick, Charles. 1988. ‘Song and Society in Turn-of-the-Century France ‘ .Journal of Social History.Fall 1988, Vol. 22, Issue 1, pp. 45-63. Simmons, Sherwin. 2000. ‘Ernst Kirchner ‘s Streetwalkers: Art, Luxury, and Immorality in Berlin, 1913-1916 ‘ .The Art Bulletin,March 2000. Shuttleworth, Antony. 2000. ‘In a Populous City: Isherwood in the Thirties ‘ . In Berg, James, and Freeman, Chris, eds. ,The Isherwood Century: Essaies on the Life and Work of Christopher Isherwood.London: University of Wisconsin Press, pp. 150-161.

Human Resources Information System (Hris) Essay

There are many different purposes, functions and components to HRIS software systems. Technology has been constantly expanding, and with all the new possibilities, companies are able to use these software systems to help their HR departments perform their jobs faster and easier. Large businesses want to make the most amount of money, by spending the least amount possible; with HRIS they are able to realistically achieve this goal. Businesses need to grow and expand or they will not succeed. The main purpose of an HRIS is so companies can use it internally to keep track of the store’s budget, payroll and employee information more accurately and efficiently. Many large human resource organizations develop or buy these software systems to improve their HR operations while trying to keep the total operating costs low. The more a business can save on wages, the more it can spend on the company internally, to invest in improving the other departments as well. Some companies use HRIS systems to help them communicate worldwide; companies can have one business with several stores around the world that speak different languages. HRIS software systems main function is to help HR personnel handle and process large quantities of information that is tracked and updated automatically; this allows HR staff to focus on personal interaction with employees, instead of dedicating the majority of their time to paperwork. The key functions of an HRIS software system are to create and maintain employee record, adhere to legal compliance, forecasting for future planning, strategic alignment and enhanced decision making (Dessler, 2011, pg 61). The other functions that an HRIS system can perform include items such as control, effectiveness, flexibility, efficiency, responsiveness, accuracy, ease of use, automation, timeliness and process improvement (HR Systems Strategies Inc, n.d., pg. 1). The companies that are worldwide can use this to communicate the same thing to other countries with the HRIS system. HRIS software systems can have many components to it; however, not all companies require the same components. The general components that most large HR organizations have include a database to store employee information, time and labour management to track employee attendance, payroll to ensure employees are paid correctly and legally, benefits to ensure employees have appropriate benefits and retirement investments, recruitment to help build the company’s workforce, training for new or promoted employees, organization charting and scheduling for employees shifts and breaks and an employee interface for employees to review personal information (Jennifer, n.d., pg. 1)(Dessler, 2011, pg 58). Some companies can develop their software systems to be capable of performing things such as a salary analysis, budget planning, job design and performance reviews (Cezanne, n.d., pg. 1). The cost of an HRIS software system can depend on many factors, such as how complex or simple it is and if it was specialized for your company or if it is a general system. Large companies such as fortune 500 can run systems around the tens of millions of dollars, but smaller companies can run systems for less than a thousand dollars (HRIS, HRMS and HR, n.d., pg. 1). The reality is that there are many different HRIS software systems for any price range, but however much you invest into it, is how much you will get out. The HRIS system that a company chooses should not be based on how complex the system is, but how beneficial the system will be to help improve the businesses HR department. The impact of technology has changed the role of HR in many different aspects. The most obvious positive effect of using technology in an HR department is the increase of accuracy and efficiency, which in turn reduces costs and improves results within the company. The use of technology makes it able for HR to dedicate less time to paperwork and more time to employee interaction (Hall, 2012, pg. 1). Works Cited â€Å"Cezanne.† Cezanne. Cezanne Software Limited, n.d. Web. 20 Sept. 2012. . Dessler, Gary , and Nina D. Cole. â€Å"Human Resources Management and Technology.† Human Resources Management in Canada. 11th Canadian Edition ed. Toronto: Pearsons Canada, 2011. 58,59,61,62, 63. Print. â€Å"HR Systems Strategies Inc | HRIS Software Canada / US.† HR Systems Strategies Inc | HRIS Software Canada / US. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Sept. 2012. . â€Å"HRIS, HRMS and HR software FAQà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s.† Free HRIS HRMS and HR Software Buyers Guide. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Sept. 2012. . Hall, James. â€Å"Impact of technology on human resource management | Importance of Technology.† Importance of Technology. N.p., 1 Mar. 2012. Web. 20 Sept. 2012. . Jennifer, Kristin. â€Å"The Components of an HRIS System | eHow.com.† eHow | How to Videos, Articles & More – Discover the expert in you. | eHow.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Sept. 2012. .

Introduction to Law: Law Firm Expansion Essay

When considering the expansion of a law firm, it is imperative to consider a number of different factors that can influence the success in new states. Primarily, the firm needs to determine the exact state/states that shall be targeted along with an analysis of the weaknesses and threats that exist for the company and the strengths and opportunities that the company can utilize to make the most of them. The extension of the firm has to be one that its clients can rely upon to provide them with the same credibility that they are accustomed to at the original establishment. In order to do so without any hindrances, it is highly essential to ensure that the firm does not come into conflict with the laws of the state in which it is planning to expand. This paper shall attempt to highlight some of the most essential factors that a law firm should consider when expanding within the US. With regard to expansion in multiple states in the US, the firm needs to pay special attention to income allocation methods, determining presence and nexus, sales tax on professional services and personal property tax amongst others (Quinn, 2007). Each state has specific laws regarding these areas of business operations with respect to law firms. Laws that influence these elements are designed to address the process of contracting parties to support the expansion and to allow the law firm to adapt to the legal and taxing infrastructure. Also, it is just as essential to consider laws that have implications on the engagement of external parties in the state where the firm is considering expansion. Taxing laws and prerequisites defined in state laws are to be given special concern in this regard since they may serve to dictate the very policy that the firm chooses to adopt in its expansion.

Company law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Company law - Essay Example The loan by WRFL to SPFL and the guaranteeing of SPFL’s bank loan by WRFL raises the issue of director’s duties to creditors and shareholders. Had SPFL not been experiencing some financial difficulties, there would have been no duties to consider. Creditors typically have no status jointly or severally with respect to companies that are solvent.4 However, when a company is suffering difficulties or is insolvent the position is quite different. Moreover, while creditors will not be able to sue a solvent company for mismanagement, directors do have a duty to safeguard the interests of creditors. As Lord Templeman stated in Winkworth v Edward Baron Development Co. Ltd: A duty is owed by directors to the company and to the creditors of the company to ensure that the affairs of the company are properly administered and that its property is not dissipated or exploited for the benefit of the directors themselves to the prejudice of the creditors.5 In addition to owing a duty to creditors to safeguard against the mismanagement of the company’s property and assets, Section 172 (3) of the Companies Act 2006 carries the duty to creditors a bit further. This further duty is found in the duty to promote the success of the company for its members6 which is subject to the any law that requires directors â€Å"in certain circumstances to consider or act in the interests of creditors of the company†.7 Even so, the duty toward creditors is not such that directors are required to act in the best interest of creditors but merely to ensure that action taken would not leave creditors more disadvantaged than they would be upon liquidation.8 The overall duty of directors to act in the best interests of the company and its members generally includes the duty to act in the best interests of its shareholders.9 The duty to shareholders and creditors as described so far

SWOT Analysis on the Internal and External Environments relevant to Essay - 1

SWOT Analysis on the Internal and External Environments relevant to Allergan pertaining to their Botox Product - Essay Example Allergan has been into discovery of innovative products the like of Botox,and marketing them through prescription by doctors in the specialty markets for a long time. It boasts of a research & development wing involved in discovering and producing specialty segment products such as BOTOXÂ ® Cosmetic, which is a prescription medicine that is injected into face muscles for improving the look by reducing or fully eliminating frown lines between the eyebrows in people in the age group of 18 to 65 years temporarily. SWOT Analysis Internal – Strengths Botox not only removes frown lines but is equally effective in other many ailments such as in treating migraine headaches, chronic neck and back pain, sweating overly, and probably spastic disorders also. Allergan internal strengths are many. Its 8000 employees worldwide are its major strength. Allergan has reached to its current customers via its vast network of workforce. R& D investment in the making of the product i.e. Botox has b een the internal strength of the company and the product both. Being a multispecialty healthcare company into discovering, developing and commercializing pharmaceuticals, biologics and medical devices, it is deeply rooted into manufacturing of specialty products such as Botox, which has brought it to the front runners’ line by capturing a niche market worldwide of its customers belonging to all walks of life. Botox being an innovative product, it is comparatively safe from generic erosion, as the medicinal formula of developing the medicine is a well-kept secret, which insulates the medicine from being sold by copying the drug development process. Internal – Weaknesses Botox is not a fully safe drug, as it paralyses facial muscles to the point beyond the earlier natural condition of the muscles where they can no longer react to outside changes emerging from symptoms such as age, use and wear. Forehead muscles can’t express emotions like anger. The community of a ctors and stars, mostly habitual to using Botox can no more show their emotions above the eye through acting. An emotionless face can transform humans into zombies. Botox has a number of side effects like drooping eyelids, drooling mouth, and slurred speech. These side effects are quite serious in nature affecting the personality of a person. Some temporary side effects such as nausea, allergic reactions, headaches, respiratory infections, flu symptoms, and redness and swelling around the injected area could be visible in some or all patients for a short duration. Another weakness of the medicine is that its impact on the related area is not permanent. The treatment remains effective only till six months of taking the Botox injection. It is a very costly treatment and is effective for a short duration compelling consumers to visit the clinics in regular intervals to maintain their visage. External – Opportunities Sales opportunities have increased greatly. Botox can be market ed globally through advertisement to the probable users for cosmetic uses of the product; earlier permission to advertising the product was not granted. Latest fashion trends provide a boost to the sale of Botox, as the product has become very popular in high profile society. Advertisement in the TV and popular magazines has increased the sales of Botox significantly as on an average a person views such ads 10 times a year. Ophthalmic market offers huge business potential for sale of Botox. Dermatology is another area where Allergan has opportunities waiting as use of Botox in dermatology provides possibilities of expanding by acquiring new formulas or by buying licenses from foreign producers, as it is relatively more cost-efficient than developing through R & D. The company can leverage through spending on marketing efforts from the revenue earned in dollar on other products to fight competition. Huge sales opportunities exist in primary segment

Characteristics of Early Christianity Movements Essay

Characteristics of Early Christianity Movements - Essay Example He and his disciples lived an eremitical life, one of the primary types of monasticism. As part of living the eretical life, St Anthony and his followers vowed living in austerity far away from the world. They commit themselves in answering the needs of the soul over the body by prioritizing activities that nourish the soul instead of the physical needs. (Bacchus) According to Athanasius, Bishop of Alexandria, St Anthony, who adhered to eremitical monasticism, fearlessly battled myriad temptations of the devil. In this regard, his disciples were enjoined to center their prayers on seeking the Lord's guidance through constant prayers to win over the evil one and learning the discipline of discerning spirits to recognize deceitful ways to sin. (Schaff & Wace) Another type of monasticism that characterized the early Christian movement is the cenobitical life. This type of monasticism was revived by St Benedict, who composed a new set of rules. From these rules, it could be observed that St Benedict's viewpoint does not involve extraordinary asceticism and narrow mindedness. As such, these sober regulations were based on common sense with emphasis on collectivism instead of individualism. Cenobitic monasticism also emphasized family spirit and discouraged all private ventures.

Critical evaluation of an academic research article Essay

Critical evaluation of an academic research article - Essay Example The article provides a comprehensive ethical analysis through different ethical theories of product placement. An attempt has been made, throughout the article, to identify whether product placement overall is a deceptive practice or not. In this paper we will critically evaluate the research article. The key arguments of the article will be discussed and logic of arguments will be examined. Critical Analysis The article starts with an introduction of the topic in general. The introduction is very well written with the help of previous literature. No major claims are made rather readers are informed regarding the main subject of the article. Overall the article seems to be written in a logical flow with each section placed in the right order. Introduction is strong and everything said in the introduction is substantiated with existing literature. Product placement is a practice of placing a brand or a product in the scene or script of news and entertainment. Product placement has bee n seen in the Hollywood movies for a long time (Fristoe, 2005). The article is trying to evaluate whether this type of marketing is ethical or not. Implicit product placement has also been discussed in the article. The legal status of product placement is also discussed. ... The article does not clearly see product placement as deceptive but it argues that there are aspects of product placement that may not be approved by ethical theories and general public. The article raises questions about the implicit aspect of product placement. The argument made by the article with regards to the implicit product placement is that people should be aware of product placement. If this is not the case then product placement might be deceptive. Existing literature has also raised questions on implicit product placement (Spence & van Heekeren, 2005). The authors argue that when people are not aware of the persuasion then it might be unethical according to categorical imperative and Aristotelian ethics. The former teaches to treat humanity as oneself, and the latter lay burden of right or wrong on the intentions of the actor. According to both ethical theories implicit product placement is unethical, given that people are not aware of such a marketing practice. A strong point of the article is that it has questioned an assumption that is mistreated as fact in the corporate world to justify excessive marketing. Studies have shown that uneducated people might not have a clear idea about how marketing works and they might not be aware of their rights (Culnan, 2006). Marketing can also manipulate people who are not emotionally or financially mature (Laczniak & Murphy, 2006). The assumption that consumers are smart and knowledgeable is not justified and the article too raises questions about it. The authors have tried to remain impartial throughout the article and have attempted to give a genuine account of ethical issues

What Is Global Civil Society What Are The Compacting Perspectives On Essay

What Is Global Civil Society What Are The Compacting Perspectives On Global Civil Society - Essay Example According to Keane (2003, 54) the civil society is developing and becoming increasingly visible; though its implications to the age-old political arrangement are not quite clear. The civil society remains a complex expedition of a vague and politically disputed phenomenon. The utter heterogeneity of collections, activities, along with networks that constitute global civil culture nonprofits, trade, social pressure groups, sightseers, academics, performers, cultural recitalists, ethnic as well as linguistic associations, among many others poses the risk of making the expression an explanation of everything and naught. Keane even so insists that this expansive thunder does without a doubt function as a civilization or a ‘civilization of civilization’ having rules along with customs of conduct (Keane, 2003, 56). The author acknowledges, though, that global civil civilization is still an embryonic, open-ended community sphere whose aptitude to become more autonomous, better incorporated into authority institutions, and endowed with collective values determines its significance. Global civil society implies the cluster of civil entities across the world operating parallel to government establishment and governed by a code of conduct primarily based on the respect and the pursuit for common objectives (Kaldor et al, 2006, 43). The global aspect denotes the aspect of beyond borders whereby the organizations operate within established national boundaries. Common objectives, structure and operations acts as the basis of it’s uniformity with similar organizations in other countries is. Hence, civil society is a global movement that describes civil constituents of the same calibre spread all over the world having different titles, names and description but sharing similar characteristics, structures, ideals, concepts and practices. Civil society organizations unite in their pursuit for egalitarian ideals of freedom and emancipation. Just like democracy , the original perception of civil society was as a western conception whose sole aim was to spread western ideals in the rest of the world. In as much as such perspectives will always prevail, civil society has outlived its western connotation and translated into a global civilization movement that is well conversant with respective needs of the countries of operation. The structure and conceptual framework may remain western but the implication, scope and application is more of a global phenomenon. Background Civil society is the field external to family, the state, as well as the market in which people connect to advance universal interests. It is from time to time considered to comprise of the family in addition to the private area and then regarded to as the "third subdivision" of society, dissimilar from government as well as business (Chandler & Baker, 2005, 69). Civil society can be broadly described as the cumulative of non-governmental associations and institutions that re present interests along with will of society or entities and organizations in a civilization, which are autonomous to the government. Sometimes the expression is used in the supplementary general sagacity of "the constituents† such as autonomy of speech, a self-governing judiciary, among others that constitute a democratic culture. The expression entered civic discourse in America in the 1980s. The phrase was, however, previously developed in the 18th century, attributed to Adam Ferguson, the "founder of contemporary sociology", and applied in the designation of his thesis on

Ethical dilemma Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Ethical dilemma - Assignment Example However, the beliefs of the patients obstructed appropriate nursing procedures to be conducted. Deontology theory forms the best approach to guide in the decision making, in such an ethical dilemma. As a health caregiver must always subscribe to the rule, â€Å"Always try to save life.† Applying a pure rule of deontological approach, the ethical decision would be in favor of carrying out the blood transfusion. In addition, using such an approach, there is little attention to the contextual details or social aspects of the situation because the decision making is grounded in ethical rules (Jones & Beck, 1996). Using a pure deontological approach, whether rule or act, confines the focus for decision making to the immediate situation. This is to imply that the consequences, situational and contextual details, and the social and interactional aspects are not the primary focus. This theory focuses on the ethics of the actions (Butts & Rich, 2008). This theory pays attention to the patient’s rights, goals and autonomy. As described by Noureddine (2001), this approach is based on four key principles that include autonomy, or the personal liberty to act; nonmaleï ¬ cence that is doing no harm; beneficence, or the requirement of action to improve the welfare of others; and justice, which directs action to treat people justly and distribute resources

Project Task-List Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Project Task-List - Essay Example Effective and quality ensuring training programs are of vital importance for successful execution of human resource development. Training programs follow a four step methodology that includes planning, implementation and finally the assessment of the training program (EPA, 2000). Ideal training programs are expected to, We are planning to carry out a two day training session that should be very effective. After the venue has been decided by the top management as per their financial suitability, some important tasks need to be carried out. Designed systematic analyses are needed to identify and target the gaps in the employees’ skill set for training progression. After a clear picture of why and where training is needed, the training activity gets a direction for plan. Most commonly used tools for gap analysis are questionnaires, group discussions or direct question answer sessions. Once the training objectives have been worked out, it gets further easy to decide upon the main topic that can add good impression to the organization’s literature history. The topic can be further broken down by the chief trainer and other experts about it would be imparted and what parts would be covered on the first day and what parts would be covered the second day. After the sub contents have been prepared, the trainer needs to see how the training would actually be done. He needs to decide upon the tool that would be used, for instance PC, projector etc and working upon the infrastructure management for the project. The contents of the training session have to settle according to the available time frame (Upadhyay, 2012). The methodologies for instance, group discussion oriented training, role playing, case study or any other type has to be selected based upon its suitability with respect to the contents and the knowledge and interest level of target group. The most important aspect is breaking down of the methodologies between

Prejudice Definition Essay Example for Free

Prejudice Definition Essay During the process of communication the vast majority of people judge cultural values in their own image and likeness. Their ethnic and cultural values serve as a criterion for judgment. Really, it is slightly confusing but the main reason for watching the foreign programming is to let the viewer ‘feel’ ethnocentrism. Some things or even an overwhelming majority of what you will see in the foreign film of program will feel a bit ‘off’ or even downright ‘wrong’ for an average American. This feeling occurs due to ethnocentrism. The paper examines how such an attitude can have influence on an individual’s behavior and response from another culture, how society wide ethnocentrism can affect relationships and understandings of other societies, and how it can have an adverse impact on business practices for multinational corporations. Japanese version of the foreign film â€Å"Shall We Dance† will be used as an illustration for some aspects of the paper. Ethnocentrism is a psychological reaction, which occurs when a representative of one culture perceives, sees, values and tries to understand other cultures and their behaviors through prism of his own culture. The person considers the elements of his own culture (standards, roles, values, etc) as natural and â€Å"right†, while the elements of other cultures and nations are considered to be unnatural and â€Å"wrong†. The customs and traditions of his own culture are considered to be â€Å"universal† and â€Å"right† as well. The film â€Å"Shall We Dance† by Masayuki Suo tells us the story of Shohei Sugiyama, who falls in love but not in other woman (being married), but in the art of dancing. When we watch the film, we feel the differences between Japanese and American cultures. Japanese culture seems to be very odd, alien and strange, as the world of dance socials and private lessons is considered ‘shameful’ and ‘improper’ for a Japanese person. The film gets insight into Japanese customs and traditions, explaining that in Japan married couples are more reserved in relation to each other and rarely express their emotions in public (e.g. never say ‘I love you’, or hold hands, etc.). The American nation, on contrary, is more emotional and more ‘open’, therefore we feel really odd while watching the movie. The ethnocentrism that occurs in result of watching the foreign programming evidently has an impact on our behavior. Probably, to a certain extent we are unable to understand the behavior of other cultures in a manner different from that one dictated by our own cultural environment. So, how such an attitude can have influence on a person’s behavior and response from another culture and how society wide ethnocentrism can affect relationships and understandings of other societies? As with any social-psychological phenomenon, ethnocentrism cannot be examined as entirely positive or entirely negative. Although ethnocentrism often put obstacles in the way of intergroup (intercultural) communication, it supports positive ethnical identity and keeps the integrity and specificity peculiar to a certain culture. At the same time, ethnocentrism is inevitable part of our live being a logical consequence of socialization and familiarization with another culture and understandings of other societies. The person’s response predominantly occurs in the form of comparison – a peaceful nonidentity. Yet, ethnocentrism can have an adverse impact on business practices for multinational corporations, because it often impedes effective intergroup (interethnic and international) communication (Allport 1954). Interethnic comparison can be expressed in the form of contraposition or setting off (e.g. the people deny intercultural differences; proclaim their culture to be superior; sometimes people perceive cultural differences as something that imposes a threat to their existence and try to withstand them, often resulting in conflicts between different cultures, etc) that, in its turn, implies at least preconception and prejudice in relation to other cultures and has an adverse impact on business practices for multinational corporations. References Allport, G. W. (1954). The Nature of Prejudice. Garden City, NY: Doubleday

Hispanic Americans in the United States Essay Example for Free

Hispanic Americans in the United States Essay Abstract Over the past several decades, the United States has become a much more diverse country. Immigration from most if not all countries throughout the world are the reason for this. A large portion of the immigrants that make up our country are Hispanics. Hispanics aren’t just made up of one group of people, but rather several groups from different countries of the world including Cuba, Puerto Rico, Mexico, Dominican Republic, Central America, and South America. They differ in many ways from one another including but not limited to their method of entry into the United States, the color of their skin, traditions, culture, political background, musical trends, and lifestyle. In many ways, Hispanics are disadvantaged from non-Hispanic whites. This has been the way since they first came to the United States. If it wasn’t for the color of their skin and for some of them, their dialect or language, they may not be subject to the prejudice and discrimination they encounter on a daily basis. HISPANIC AMERICANS IN THE UNITED STATES 3 Hispanic Americans in the United States A large portion of the population in the United States is made up of immigrants. Many of those immigrants are of Hispanic origin. Hispanic Americans make up several groups of people. Each of the different groups have a set of their own traditions and their cultures vary slightly and sometimes very significantly. Americans tend to group all Hispanics into one group and forget that not all of them came from one country, but rather several countries. Entering the United States Mexican Americans Throughout most of our history, Mexicans have entered the United States voluntarily. The American Southwest was previously part of Mexico until they lost it to the United States after the Mexican War (Marger, 2012). The Mexicans that inhabited those areas were then incorporated into the United States (Marger, 2012). Puerto Rican Americans Puerto Ricans didn’t come to the United States by force, nor voluntarily. The United States gained Puerto Rico as part of its territory after the Spanish-American War and those on the island were automatically given American citizenship (Marger, 2012). Puerto Ricans were then able to come and go freely as they chose, just as American citizens are able to go from state to state. Cuban Americans Cubans have recently come to the United States voluntarily similar to the Puerto Ricans and Mexicans. Their motive for migrating to the United States though was for political reasons rather than economic reasons like the Mexicans and Puerto Ricans (Marger, 2012). When the HISPANIC AMERICANS IN THE UNITED STATES 4 Cubans came to the United States, they tended to be more educated and more prepared to begin an occupation than most other foreign immigrants (Marger, 2012). Central Americans Many of the Central American immigrants have come to the United States as political refugees (Marger, 2012). Most have come voluntarily like many of the Hispanic migrants have. Another large reason for Central Americans migrating to the United States was for economic opportunities (Marger, 2012). Hispanics and Music About Latin Music Latin music first developed in different Latin American countries, mainly Cuba and it is originally derived from African religious ceremonies (Revels-Bay). Latin music is a unique kind of music and it has a unique rhythmic structure when compared to American music (Revels-Bay). American music can be considered by most people to be Rock and Roll. Latin music is typically viewed as dance music. It has a lot of rhythm which is highly syncopated (Revels-Bay). Latin music, like American music includes many instruments. American music tends to be more on the beat than Latin music. Latin music also uses more percussion instruments than American music and it includes several different string instruments. Some of the string instruments include timbales, congas, congo, guitar and the Cuban guitar (Revels-Bay). Over the years, the bass, trumpets, trombones and woodwinds were added to play melodies and repetitions of sound and the piano replaced the guitar (Revels-Bay). Latin Music Gaining Popularity The motivations underlying the boom of Latino music have brought possibilities for economic gain and increase the visibility of Latin Americans within the United States (Cepeda). HISPANIC AMERICANS IN THE UNITED STATES 5 Two Latin Americans who have brought Latin music to America are Emilio and Gloria Estefan. They have hits in the United States and also have Crescent Moon Studios. Crescent Moon Studios are a Mimi-based Sony affiliate that grosses 200 million dollars yearly (Cepeda). Their Crescent Moon Studios are also a reason for the popular building of the Latino music in the media industry in the United States. Gloria and Emilio Estefan are two very successful Hispanic Americans. There are several famous musical artists but because of their race, it is harder for them to be accepted into the musical industry. The number of Hispanic Americans who have been successful making music is relatively small when compared to the number of non-Hispanic musical artists. There have been several popular Latin musical artists who have brought new meaning to Latin music in the United States. Some examples are Ricky Martin, Jennifer Lopez and Shakira. They keep a lot of the Latin culture in the Latin-American music, but they â€Å"Americanize† it in a sense and the language used is English. This has helped to integrate one part of the Hispanic cultures into today’s American society. Hispanic American Families Family Structure Traditionally in the Hispanic culture, the father or the oldest male in the family holds the greatest amount of authority over the family and women typically show submission (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). The responsibilities tend to be shared among the members of the family. When compared to the non-Hispanic whites, many of the households are similar. Although, throughout the years, the father or oldest male is no longer always the authority holder in the home. Instead, the mother and father hold equal amounts of authority. HISPANIC AMERICANS IN THE UNITED STATES 6 The household size of Hispanic American families is larger than other American families. The average size of a Hispanic household is 3. 47 people and for the rest of the population, the average is 2. 62 people (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). Family Values Family is an important part in most Hispanic American’s lives. Family is a large reason for immigration for many of them. They may have family ties here who they wish to move closer to or they may be moving here to provide a better life for their family. The extended family of Hispanic Americans plays a major role in each family member’s life (Moitinho). They tend to have strong bonds and a lot of interaction among much of the family and extended family. In many households, parents, grandparents and children live in the same home or live nearby (Moitinho). Among most Hispanic families, faith and church are a lot times central to their family and community life. Most Hispanic homes have a religious object and most attend a religious service once a month or more (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). Single Parent versus Two Parent Families. In the United States, 70% of Hispanic children live in two parent homes (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). Single parent families among Mexican Americans have grown from 14% in 1980 to 22% in 2001 (Zeiders, Roosa, Yuntein, 2011). Children who live in a single parent home tend to be at greater risk than children in two parent homes for academic and conduct problems, substance abuse and depression (Zeiders, Roosa Yuntein, 2011). This may be due to the fact that there is a lack of financial resources for some of the single parent families versus the two parent families who may have a double income. Although there are some studies HISPANIC AMERICANS IN THE UNITED STATES 7 that show Latino children in single parent homes are more likely to have negative outcomes, there are also some studies that show they are not (Zeiders, Roosa Yuntein, 2011). Marriage Patterns In the United States, Mexican American females are most likely to be married and non-hispanic blacks are the least likely (Landale, Oropesa, Bradatan, 2006). Among some of the Hispanic races in the United States, 4% of Cuban females and 38% of Puerto Rican females aged 20-24 are married (Landale, Oropesa, Bradatan, 2006). Fitting In Over recent decades, Hispanic Americans have adapted to more of the â€Å"Americanized† way of living. Many of them dress alike, eat American food, go to college, etc. They have assimilated somewhat, but are far from being fully assimilated. They may never actually be fully assimilated into American society. One main reason is their race. It has typically been shown throughout history that races made up of white people are able to assimilate much easier than those with different skin colors. Conclusion Hispanics have come from several different countries and even look dissimilar from each other but are still each identified as Hispanics. Throughout the years, Hispanics have adapted to the American way of living and continue to do so. The only thing separating many Hispanics from non-ethnic whites is the color of their skin. As a whole, Hispanics have assimilated in many ways but they will probably never be fully assimilated. Instead, they may be working towards full acculturation. HISPANIC AMERICANS IN THE UNITED STATES 8 References Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (n. d. ). Retrieved November 14, 2013, from http://www. cdc. gov/ /Audience/AudienceInsight_CulturalInsights. pdf Cepeda, M. E. Mucholoco for ricky martin; or the politics of chronology, crossover, and language within the latino music boom. Popular music and society, 55-67. Retrieved November 7, 2013, from Ebscohost. Landale, N. S. , Oropesa, R. S. , Bradatan, C. (2006). Hispanic families in the United States: Family structure and process in an era of family change. In Hispanics and the future of America. Retrieved November 14, 2013 from http://www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/books/NBK19902/ Marger, M. N. (2012). Race and ethnic relations American and global perspectives (9th ed. ). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, Cengage Learning. Moitinho, E. (n. d. ). Hispanic culture 101. In American association of christian counselors. Retrieved November 18, 2013, from http://www. aacc. net/2012/09/21/hispanic-culture-101-increase-your-hispaniclatinocultura l-iq/ Revels-Bey, N. (n. d. ). History of Latin music. In Revels-Bay Music. Retrieved November 18, 2013, from http://www. revels-bey. com/history_of_latin_music. htm Zeiders, K. H. , Roosa, M. W. , Yuntein, J. (2011). Family structure and family processes in mexican-american families. Family process, 70-91. Retrieved November 7, 2013, from Ebscohost.

Starch Hydrolysis by Amylase | Experiment

Starch Hydrolysis by Amylase | Experiment Polysaccharides are polymers of carbohydrates. They are made up from monosaccharides which are linked together by glycosidic bonds. Polysaccharides are divided into two main groups: structural polysaccharides and polysaccharides which are used as energy sources. Cellulose and chitin are classified as structural polysaccharides. Cellulose is major component of plant cell walls. It yields glucose when completely hydrolyzed. On the other hand Glycogen and starch are the polysaccharides which used as energy source; glycogen is found in animal cells and starch is found in plant cells. Plants use starch to use it to store glucose units for energy. It consists of two types of molecules: the linear and helical amylose and the branched amylopectin. Starch generally contains 20 to 25% amylose and 75 to 80% amylopectin. Amylose forms a colloidal dispersion in hot water whereas amylopectin is completely insoluble. 2.2) Hydrolysis of starch/amylase enzyme: Proteins which catalyze the chemical reactions are called enzymes. Biological catalyzes, enzymes, need specific conditions to be active since they are working in the cells. Temperature must be between 37 and 40 and ph must be neutral. An important metabolic enzyme is amylase that its function is to catalyze the hydrolysis of starch into glucose. Alpha-amylases are found in plants and in animals. Human saliva is rich in amylase, and the pancreas also secretes the enzyme. SUBSTRATE  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  ENZYME  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   PRODUCTS starch  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Amylase   ->  Ã‚   maltose + maltose + maltose starchs presence can be identified by using the iodine test. Starch and iodine gives blu-black color together and that helps to identify the presence of starch or iodine. The iodine molecule slips inside of the amylose coil. Iodine is not very soluble in water so the iodine reagent is made by dissolving iodine in water in the presence of potassium iodide. This makes a linear triiodide ion complex and this linear complex can easily slip into the coil of the starch. This forms the color. [3] starch + I2 à ¯Ã†â€™Ã‚   blue-black color 2.3) Spectrophotometry: A spectrophotometer is used to find the amount of radiant energy absorbed or transmitted by molecules in a solution as a function of wavelength. The wavelength which a certain molecule can absorb energy is different and therefore it can be used to determine the concentration of a specific type of solution. By comparing the amount of light that is absorbed by the sample with known concentration a calibration curve can be plotted and by using it concentration of the unknown sample can be determined. [5] 3) EQUIPMENT AND CHEMICALS 3.1) equipments: Beaker Laboratory scale Weighing dish Spatulas Tubes Tube rack Heater Water bath Plastic cuvettes Pipettes Dropper pH meter 3.2) chemicals: Distilled Water HCl NaCl KH2PO4 Na2HPO4 Starch solution Human salivary Iodine reagent 4) PROCEDURE 4.1) preparation of starch solution and enzyme solution: 20 g of potato starch was mixed with approximately 50 ml cold water. This mixture was then added to 900 ml of boiling water. Mixture was mixed well and it was cooled to room temperature and the total volume was raised to 1 ml by adding sufficient amount of water. Presence of the starch in the solution was tested by putting one drop from the mixture to glass plate and adding one drop of iodine reagent to it. Blue color means starch is present. Saliva sample was taken into tube and diluted with 9 ml water then, 60 ml of 0.5% NaCl was added. 4.2) Effect of the pH: 0.1 M KH2PO4 with pH 5, 6, 7 and Na2HPO4 with pH 8, 9 solutions were prepared as buffers, each buffer was prepared 20 ml only the buffer with 7 pH was prepared 100 ml. 5 test tubes were labeled and to each of them 5ml of the starch solution was put and to each test tube solution with different pH was added. 1 ml of the salivary enzyme solution was added to the tubes and it was mixed by shaking. it was waited for 10 minutes so that the hydrolysis reaction can proceed. 5 ml of HCl solution was added to 5 different tubes and from each of the previous tubes with the starch solution 0.5 ml was taken and added to tubes with HCl. 5 tubes were prepared again for 5 ml of iodine solution this time. From the tubes with HCl 0.5 ml was taken and added to the tubes with iodine. Absorbance values were measured by using spectrophotometer. 4.3) Effect of temperature: Water baths with 30  °C, 50  °C, 70  °C and 90  °C were prepared in beakers. Buffer solution with pH 7 was added to 5 tubes and 5 ml of starch solution was added to these tubes. All of these tubes were put in different water bath with different temperatures and they were waited in the bath until the temperatures reached the equilibrium. 1 ml of salivary enzyme was added to each tube. After 10 minutes the steps 4-7 in the effect of pH procedure were repeated. 5) DISCUSSION In this experiment our purpose was to hydrolyze starch with amylase enzyme and observe the effect of pH and temperature on this reaction. Before observing the pH and temperature effect first we prepared the solutions that we were going to use in the experiment. First we prepared the starch solution by mixing it first with cold water and then adding it into boiling water. We aimed to get the starch suspension form immediately and without any lumps by this procedure. In the first part of the experiment we observed the pH effect. To do that first we needed to prepare the buffer solutions with different ph values ranging between 5 and 9. We used two different solutions because of the buffering capacity of these two solutions. We made the arrangement of the pH by using HCl and NaOH. To decrease the pH we added HCl and to increase we added NaOH, we detected the pH by using pH meter. Each buffer with different pH values were mixed with starch solution and then salivary solution was added. W hich is the amylase enzyme and since its from the saliva it hydrolyzes amylose. After waiting for 10 minutes to reaction proceed we needed to stop the reaction, we did it by adding HCl. Then we added iodine solution to detect whether reaction took place or not since if enzyme functions starch in the solution will be hydrolyzed and this will lead to have light color of the solution; absorbance will be low. Since our body is in neutral pH we expect to have light colored solution at pH 7 and dark color at pH 5, 8 and 9. The same logic is valid for the temperature effect. The enzyme wont work in higher temperature values that can denature it like 90, 70 and maybe 50. Proteins absorbance values are expected to increase as the protein denaturizes. This can be explained by the surface of reflection of the light is increased. Denaturized form of protein has higher possibility to be interacted with the light from the spectrophotometer and thus absorbance will increase. Theoretically we would expect to have both absorbance vs. pH and absorbance vs. temperature graphs to have a min. point where we can say that is the point absorbance is in the min. point at that pH or temperature thus enzyme functions best at that point. In our graphs from the experiment we can observe these min values at approximately expected values. When we look at the temperature graph we see that absorbance is min at around 50 C. normally we would expect that proteins denaturize at that temperature, since human body is 37 °C min absorbance at 40 °C would be the correct result. This error might be because of that we didnt measured our test tubes temperatures after we put them in water bath, So maybe what we refer to as 50 °C in the data table is actually less than that value.

Internet And Democracy :: essays research papers

IF THE UNSUBSTANTIAL sound bite is the shame of televised election coverage, then information overload is the parallel pitfall on the Internet. After spending one interminable day in October reviewing Web coverage of the presidential campaign, I can verify that the online universe is indeed infinite, and that politics, not pornography, seemed the most prolific theme. Stunned by thousands of news articles, background pieces, surveys, discussion forums, transcripts and commentary, this human brain nearly screamed for spoon-fed mush. Election sections on most of the major news sites were so enormous that a person couldn't possibly process all the sections and subsections and sub-subsections. About 20 percent of the stuff seemed digestible; the rest was far more than the average visitor would care to chew. But that's the nature of the Internet, isn't it? Throw enough stuff at the wall, and most of it will be used by someone. Let folks pick and choose their news. If nothing else, all the fodder provided a number of ready-made high school civics reports and fed the repurposing requirements of fellow reporters. And why not? Airtime and column inches don't exist on the Internet. There's no need to decide between an interview with a candidate's grade school sweetheart, a 5,000-word analysis of his position on health care or a comparison of campaign platforms. You can do all of that and more. This is a good thing, isn't it? Yes. As long as an organization has the resources and vision to distinguish its core coverage from the ornaments that surround it. Along those lines, cheers to all of the major news sites for their efforts at live speech and debate coverage, solid election news and voting resources. Nearly every news organization with access to live video streamed it quite successfully during the debates and provided cataloged archives for future reference (abcNEWS.com even offered a stream in Spanish). Nearly live text transcripts were also available on most sites. The innovation award goes to Web White & Blue 2000 (www.webwhiteblue.org). Sponsored by the Markle Foundation, the project was a consortium of 17 major Internet sites and news organizations from AOL and Yahoo to MTV and MSNBC. Each day the presidential candidates or their surrogates would respond to a question submitted by a visitor at one of the partner sites. The answers and rebuttals could come in any format and were unlimited in length. Not only did the Al Gore and George W. Bush campaigns respond regularly, but also the Reform Party's Pat Buchanan, Libertarian Harry Browne, Natural Law candidate John Hagelin and the Constitution Party's Howard Phillips. Only Ralph Nader declined to

Cell Division & Cell Cycle Study Guide :: essays research papers

CELL DIVISION Cell division involves 2 phases: 1- MITOSIS The process by which nuclear material is divided 2 identical daughter cells result 2- CYTOKINESIS the process by which the cytoplasm and its contents (organelles) separate into equal parts. cytokinesis begins before mitosis is complete cytokinesis differs in plant and animal cells ANIMAL CELLS the cell membrane pinches near the middle of the cell, dividing the cytoplasm into equal parts(2 new cells) PLANT CELLS a cell plate develops across the centre of the cell, creating a new cell wall between the 2 new cells Cells alternate between stages (phases) of dividing and not dividing. This sequence is called the cell cycle. The 2 major phases of the CELL CYCLE are: 1- DIVISION PHASE During this phase the cell undergoes mitosis (nuclear division) There are 4 phases of mitosis: Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase 2- INTERPHASE During this phase, the cell takes in nutrients and builds proteins that are used by the cell for energy Chromosomes duplicate (DNA replication) This is the period of growth and repair for the cell (in preparation for the division phase) THE CELL CYCLE CELL CYCLE: the continuous process of mitosis, cell division, and interphase. HOW CELL GETS READY FOR MITOSIS Nucleus makes a copy of its chromatin(replication) Chromatin coils into double stranded chromosomes joined in the middle by a centromere 2 sets of DNA are bundled together nucleus is ready for mitosis to begin. Animal cell division: cell membrane pinches near the middle of the cell, dividing the cytoplasm into 2 new cells Plant cell division: a cell plate develops across the centre of the cell, forming a new cell wall between the 2 cells Original cellïÆ'  , parent cell New cellsïÆ'  , daughter cells # of chromosomes in the nucleus of each cell is identical to eachother and to the number in the original cell Why must nuclear membrane break down in mitosis? So that the contents of the cell can divide. The NUCLEUS controls the process of mitosis. REGENERATION: repair of injured cells or the making of lost body parts Normal Cell Replacement: cells die when they receive instruction to do so when they are no longer needed

Loneliness in The Seafarer by Bradley and The Wifes Lament by Stanford :: essays research papers

When exiled from society, loneliness becomes apparent within a person. The poems The Seafarer translated by S.A.J. Bradley and The Wife?s Lament translated by Ann Stanford have a mournful and forlorn mood. Throughout each poem exists immense passion and emotion. In the two elegiac poems there is hardship, loneliness and uncertainty for each character to live with. The Wife?s Lament speaks movingly about loneliness, due to the speaker projecting the lonesomeness of the women who was exiled from society. The woman in the poem has been exiled from her husband and everything she loves, all she has is a single oak-tree to be comforted by. As she has been banished from all she loves, the tone becomes gloomy and depressing. The speaker uses expressions such as joyless and dark to create a sorrowful mood for the poem. As well as the expressions used in this poem, the setting also creates loneliness. The setting generates a darkened and desolate place which makes the woman feel exiled from society. The Seafarer is about an old sailor, and the loneliness and struggle of being out at sea. The speaker uses his loneliness out at sea along with his struggles such as the cold and hunger he faces. The speaker puts emphasis on his loneliness by saying, ?my heart wanders away, my soul roams with sea?. This adds to the imagery that the sailor is attached to his life at sea, his love for sailing yet adds the isolation that comes with his life. Both poems where written in the Anglo-Saxton era in Old English and later translated into English. As well as both poems being written in the same time period, they are both elegiac poems, meaning they are poignant and mournful.

HIV, homosexuality and poverty Essay

Human lives are rented, thus, for every action there is a consequence that must be paid. At the same time, life should be maximized before death claims its dues. Just like the craft of Jonathan Larson, the musical RENT portrays every character trying to find and create meaning in a life full of cruel realities. Their avant-gardism approach in life revolved on how they struggle to make something out of their skills and talents by drawing out their purpose of their life. The musical is a colorful illustration of how the lives of the struggling artists are interconnected by the issues of HIV, homosexuality, and poverty. In the middle of a highly urbanized New York, the characters are shaped by their eclectic beliefs and plunged into a never-ending search of their lives’ purpose. It is depicted in RENT that the search continues despite of the chaos which encapsulated their ambitions and goals as artists. Their difficulties are further aggravated because they are part of issues which set them apart from the society, making it harder for them to survive in the corporate environment of New York. RENT centralized the characters as part of the marginalized sector of the society. Their lives revolved around coping with sexually transmitted disease, fighting off the taboos of same sex relationships, and the miserable impoverished state of their residence. As the characters battled against these circumstances, the story continues to focus on the bonds of their friendship and unrequited love. The issues of STD, poverty, and homosexuality are central to the plot of the musical and portrayed how the characters revolved around these aspects. Four of the characters namely Roger, Mimi, Tom, and Angel are all HIV positive. Though masked by their lively and merry performances and songs, they’ve been struggling with the illness as its effects are felt by the time it slowly robbed them off their loved-ones’ lives. Based on the film, it gives the impression that HIV is prevalent in the community where they live in. HIV somehow symbolizes the illness that surrounds the characters, their illness to survive and thrive for life’s purpose. The scene of the second Life Support meeting showed other HIV positives, asking how they ought to move on with their life even though their days are numbered. Amidst the experiences of being sick, the Life Support group still holds importance for self-preservation. To pursue a life of dignity despite of the prejudices and judgments that should be dealt with having sexually transmitted disease. They openly expressed their fear of isolation and death itself as the disease slowly eats them up inside. HIV is presented as a disease which penetrates into society as a challenge to preserve their lives and change their meaningless life. Two pairs of characters are engaged in same-sex relationship. The open-mindedness displayed by people in East Side Manhattan as bohemians when they tolerated this relationship despite of it as being considered a taboo in the society, was portrayed in the movie. Homosexuality is being exercised freely in the community where the characters moved around. One can see that the other person within the same-sex relationship portrays a character to become similar with heterosexual relationship more. Such example of this would be the cross-dresser Angel and the lawyer Joanne who dressed in coat and tie. Though affections are openly exchanged in the same-sex relationship, the idea of cross-dressing for a man to look like a woman and vice-versa, is a way they used to blend into the society just like normal couple. The film portrayed that it was easier for the characters of Maureen and Joanne, and Tom and Angel to be homosexual couples when one of them dressed the part. It can be seen how society’s opinions against homosexual have been prevalent and by portraying some of the characters as cross-dressers, it made the homosexual relationships a bit subtle. RENT , first and foremost revolved around the lofty apartment wherein the characters lived in. They faced the danger of having their home being evicted due to the plans of building a digital studio and an extra lot. From the film, the East Side Manhattan is a residence to a lot of people struggling financially, and spiritually. Its impoverished state will be aggravated when Benny announced their eviction and he gave the condition to his friends that the rent will be free if Maureen’s protest will be stopped. As the story progressed revolving on this particular plot, the sceneries in the musical showed a great amount of poverty surrounding the apartment and Maureen knows that building the digital studio entails a displacement of a lot of the residents leaving no place for them to consider as home. It can be said that poverty, in the musical, has been presented as the root cause of the artists’ struggle to hopefully uplift themselves not just from the slums they live in but from the restless lifestyle that they have. Their struggles to carry out their ambitions equates with their impoverished soul that hungers for direction and sense out of life. It presented a gap as well between Mark, Roger, and Benny. Having married the daughter’s landowner, Benny alleviated from the kind of life that he shared with his former roommates. In a scene where all of them are inside Life Cafe, Benny told them to steer their life into purpose by making a move that showed maturity and responsibility, not the same laid-back attitudes that most of the character has. To alleviate from poverty, it is the same as finding direction in life. RENT is definitely a mirror of life itself, for all of us share the same struggles to be as carefree as we can and at the same time, to find our place in this world. The musical touched the realities which every human being may encounter, in a certain way or another. The importance that this film has pointed out is that the rented life that God bestowed should be felt in its full advantage. An individual’s role in the earth may be difficult to achieve because this is not a tangible thing that can be grasped by hand or can be seen by the naked eye. RENT focused on the concept that life can be measured by love. That love can be the very thing that an individual has been searching for all of his or her existence. For love, is one of the things that can not be bought nor rented, it is one of the aspects that can measure the purpose of one’s life.

HSC 3045: Promote positive behaviour. Essay

In order to promote positive behaviour a care setting or organisation should follow legislation made by government such as the Human Rights Act 1998, codes of practise and relevant policies set out by the trust or service. It is important to read and understand theses legislations and policies and then apply them to working practise. We receive mandatory training that reinforces the trusts policies and keeps us informed of any changes to be aware of. Best practise tells us that if we keep good notes and share information with colleagues correctly then we will be able to help and support patients correctly and encourage positive behaviour. Read more:Â  Essay on Promote Positive Behaviour 1.2 Restrictive interventions are ways and methods that prevent an individual from carrying out a certain task. 1.3 Restrictive interventions must only be used if the individual is at risk of injuring themselves or others, or if coursing damage to property or illegal behavior. 1.4 If an incident occurred where restrictive intervention was needed then the clinic manager or senior nurse must be informed immediately. An incident form will be filled in and sent to human resources and the incident team within the trust. 1.5 Where possible the least restrictive interventions should be used as they can sometimes escalate the problem rather than defuse it. Using the least possible restrictive intervention will prevent further harm to any individual involved and will avoid the intervention being deemed as abuse. 1.6 In order to safeguard both the staff member and individual during a restrictive physical interventions, they must only be carried out by a trained member of staff. It must be reasoned that all other measures have been attempted and failed before carrying out restrictive intervention. If at anytime during the intervention it becomes apparent that the person involved or staff member is at an increased risk then it must stop immediately. If a person becomes harmed during the intervention then a court of law may rule it as abuse.

Inflation and Pestle Analysis

Pestle Analysis A pestle analysis is one of the most popular and effective methods of analysing the external macroeconomic factors that could impact on a business within a specific industry. Commonly, a pestle analysis will be used alongside other analyses that focus on internal factors. The combination of the pestle analysis with other factors will allow a company to create a strategic management plan of how to move its business forward in a way that maximises the opportunities available to it, externally.A pestle analysis comprises of six factors, namely political, economic, socio-cultural, technological, legal and environmental. The latter two have been recent additions to the pestle analysis (formerly known as pest) and reflect the growing importance of the environment and regulation to companies across all industries. Pestle Analysis – Political Political issues as part of the pestle analysis include all sorts of factors that normally derive from the government in the for m of policies or legislation.For the purposes of the pestle analysis of a self-employed beautician, there is little in the way of trade restrictions and tariffs to be concerned about. With the government currently encouraging parents (and specifically single parents) back to work the beauty industry should see a growing number of workers available. As peak times generally evenings and weekends, this could certainly fall in line with the political drive to encourage mothers back to work as this would be the times where alternative childcare would not be available.Pestle Analysis – Economic The pestle analysis then goes on to look at the economic impact on beauty industry. Key areas for the pestle analysis include inflation rates, interest rates and general economic conditions. The Beauty therapies are usually considered luxury products; therefore, when there is an economic downturn, the number of customers is likely to reduce. Where individuals have less disposable income due to high inflation levels, they will be less inclined to spend money on luxuries.The current economic climate is relatively weak and individuals are not feeling sufficiently wealthy to spend large amounts of their income on beauty treatments. As the pestle analysis has indicated, this to be a particular threat to the beauty industry and this should be something that management looks at mitigating. Typically, this could include reduction in costs and enhanced services for clients. Pestle Analysis – Social When conducting a pestle analysis on beauty therapy, the area of socio-culture presents a much more positive outlook.This part of the pestle analysis considers demographics such as age and wealth as well as issues including career aspirations and general interest in beauty issues. In this case, the beauty industry is doing extremely well. With a growing number of young women carving lucrative careers, there is an increasing demand for beauty therapy. Not only are greater numbe rs of younger individuals earning good wages, but the grey pound is also increasing in strength. There is a growing demand from older people for beauty treatments and an increasing ability by these individuals to be able to afford such treatments.These changing demands have led to substantial diversification and new opportunities within the beauty industry. Pestle Analysis – Technological On the face of it, technological developments may not appear to be particularly relevant to a beauty business. However, in conducting a more detailed pestle analysis, it becomes clear that the beauty industry as it stands has relatively high barriers to entry by virtue of the level of expertise and technology required. As established in the earlier part of the pestle analysis, consumers are becoming more demanding and experimental in the area of beauty therapy.As such, there is a growing need for beauty treatments to ensure not only that they have the latest technology, but also that beautic ians are trained to use such equipment. Whilst basic beauticians may find that they are not prohibited from entering the market by virtue of their lack of technology, the pestle analysis in relation to socio-cultural issues has shown that in order to establish a truly competitive position, companies will have to offer the latest technology and a wide range of options.Pestle Analysis – Legal When looking at the beauty industry from a pestle point of view, it is not surprising that health and safety legislation is both plentiful and restrictive. It is necessary for all beauticians to comply with the basic health and safety regulations, but they should also pay attention to treatment specific requirements. All beauticians will have to be suitably qualified. Insurance will have to be maintained and all necessary employment law provisions complied with.As the workforce is likely to be largely part time and possibly even self-employed, attention will have to be paid to ensure that the correct taxes and paperwork requirements are complied with. Pestle Analysis – Environmental The issue of environmental factors has only just been added to the pestle analysis in a bid to recognise how important this factor can be to the success of a business. Traditionally, in the pestle analysis, a company would consider the environmental issues with which it must comply.In the case of a beauty therapy, this is largely likely to be in relation to dangerous substances such as massage oils and cleaning chemicals. However, a slightly different approach which the pestle analysis reveals is that the environment could, in fact, bring opportunities to a beauty therapy with a growing demand for organic and natural products. Many consumers (as previously analysed in the pestle analysis) will pay a premium for natural products and, as such, being seen to be environmentally friendly will not only ensure regulatory compliance, but may also encourage more customers at a higher value.

Communication and Assisting Service Users

How to communicate and assist service users on how to do what they can not do After the handing over, we are assigned to service users in other to support them with their personal care needs. In the morning, i knock at the service users doors and say morning to prepare them to get ready for a wash. For those that are unable to have access to toilet facilities, i apply a manual handling by supporting them in movement from the bed to the toilet by using hoist or wheelchair which must be in good standard and for those who are able; I make sure they use the toilet.Communication comes in many ways, you can communicate with service users verbally, body language or eye to eye contact. The process of care and communication to provide a good care is something which should be carefully planned to meant to be helping the service user, it is very important to know the well being response to individual needs to provide right care that the service user benefit from and contribute to overall improv ement in care plan.So after providing the help for those who are able and unable to help themselves, I then give report in the hand over book to enable the staff taking over from me knows where problems are and how resident have been and what they need. This is where communication comes in, to instruct somebody to do something verbally or through hand written in the hand over book or care plan.During the process of personal care, some of the service users are very aggressive or they have a challenging behaviour response to the service you are rendering to them, you calm them down or go away for some minutes and then come back to them and make sure all these is written in the hand over book or your care plan for the staff to know what is happening and how to go about it.I also communicate with the service users while giving them a wash, i ask them if they had good sleep and also ask them for the colour or type of cloth he or she would like to wear. After washing and dressing up, i ta ke the resident to where he or she will sit for his or her breakfast. When is coming to food, every resident own identity to what they like or dislike. By following these, individual needs are met and these promote the well being of service user.That is open flexible approach. When dealing with service user’s food, the first thing you do is to wash your hand, make sure the area is clean, don’t forget to get your apron on and make sure you get to the service user according to their needs and you must write everything in the care plan or hand over book, how the service user ate and drink to enable the staff the well being of the service user.After all these, the activities of the day begins, some like watching television, playing ball, games, i even assist them in reading news papers and also chart with them. At the end of the day, I give reports on what has happen during the shift, things that need to be extra vigilant about and how the residents are generally in the bo ok of hand over and care plan.

Behavior: Teacher and Young People Essay

Adults that support children and young people in school setting have to be aware of the different stages that children and young develop: this includes emotional, physical and social development. Children and young people learn how to behave in time and need guidance and clear boundaries from adults in order to behave the way society expects them. There are Strategies to make children and young people’s behavior one of them is the need to praise them for their work and effort. Children and young people need to feel valued, some seek to belong to group being able to communicate with them effectively to build a positive relationship will help them learn to use to positive behavior. A behavior policy will help all staff to learn how to promote positive, by explaining that children need to develop positive skills and attributes. In my setting these are some of the behavior policies in place: Behavior policy-in order for effective learning to take place, good behavior in all aspects of school life is necessary. By adhering, this policy we aim recognize and promote positive behavior and in doing so we will help promote self-esteem, self-discipline and build positive relationship based on mutual respect. The policy is not only aimed at pupils but to all who are involved in the school community from parents to governors to staff ect in order to be able apply it consistently. In key stage one and two an assembly is held each week one child will receives a prize for earning a Golden star award which is selected by raffle of all the awards. Golden awards are counted up in houses across the school and the wining house receives a reward such a additional P.  E/ games or an ice skating trip. All classes have an opportunity to LAD achievement assembly, which parents/cares are encourage to attend, where are able to show and celebrate examples of their best work. Each week a different year group’s achievement are celebrated in whole school assembly with individual pupils being selected to come on stage to receive a certificate. All staff work hard to help children maintain high standards of behavior. This important so that they can use their in school effectively to learn that learning is not disrupted by others. We actively encourage and promote good behavior which is rewarded in variety of ways such as house points, certificates, stickers, praise from other teachers ect. Children also understand that poor behavior is not acceptable. Within school we have a clear set of behavior consequences such if a child is disruptive: question them on their behavior; a warning inappropriate behavior continues; consequence if child choose not to heed warning. Six Golden Rules: This is the guideline in my setting for pupil so they have an understanding how to behave in school: * Do be kind and helpful * Do be honest * Do look after property Do be gentle * Do listen to other people * Work hard * Do wear the right uniform. Teachers are only able to teach effectively and pupils learn effectively in orderly classes with good behavior. (Department for children and families- taken from school setting behavior policy) Sanctions In my setting they have accepted that some children will find it difficult to abide by the schools code conduct therefore all staff have to be consistent when confronted with inappropriate behavior. The staff are informed of the three groups of behavior that the school has listed: * Less serious incidents- calling out in class Serious incidents-swearing * Very serious incidents-fighting Depending on behavior staff will allocate appropriate sanctions which may include; loss of privileges- not being a prefect, class leader, helping the teacher with register, loss of lunch or morning break or the loss any extra, curricular activities if the child keeps contenting behaving the same. In key stage two, children who are being disruptive in class not working too of their ability and who have forgotten their homework will be given 5mins in the time out corner and if it happens twice in one week is detention at lunch time. Parents are always informed of their child’s inappropriate behavior, if the child gets two lunch time detentions for the same reason in one half term. They get a lunch time detention with the head teacher or Deputy head teacher. And the parents are invited to discuss the matter with the class teacher. In a case where the child’s disruptive behavior continues, either in the playground or the classroom, the child will receive two warning. If the child continues to behave inappropriately then the head teacher, after consultation, may decide to issue an internal exclusion. An internal exclusion differs from exclusion as the child is still able to come into school but the child works away from their own class for fixed period. Exclusions also vary depending on the behavior. If a child is excluded and it is for over 15 days the head teacher will need to get it approved by a panel of governors. The outcome is decided by the Chair of Governors and the LEA. All exclusion are record in every child’s school file and will eventually be sent on to their secondary schools. BULLING: In my setting, all staff work alongside with parents and the children to create a school community where bulling is not tolerated. They take all types of bulling seriously such as, emotional, physical, and racial, cyber bulling and are recorded in the school behavior book by the Head teacher. Any form bulling is reported to the Head teacher as well as the class child protection officer. The children are encouraged to speak to their class teacher if they feel they have are being bullied. The school involves the parent(s) of the child who is bulling others by encourages them to support and re-educate their child, they also inform the parent(s) of the child who have been bullied and offer support. Describe with examples the importance of all staff consistently and fairly applying boundaries and rules for children and young people’s behavior accordance with the policies and procedures of the setting: In my setting staff promotes positive behavior by giving children and young people the opportunity to develop their true potential academically, morally and spiritually. It is important for all staff to be consistent when dealing with inappropriate behavior so that children and young people have sense and knowledge of right from wrong and also know what is expected from them. Example: One day the teacher was instructing the children on their learning objective when a child was being disruptive. I asked the child politely not to sit down and if he/she needed something to put their hand up first, I was quite taken back by when he/she replied rudely. I waited till the whole class was busy with their work and approached the child spoken to her about her rudeness then and asked her if she would move her name down from green to yellow, also made her aware I would tell her teacher about her behavior. The class teacher spoke to the child and he/she was told to apologize to me. It is important for all staff to work alongside each other so that children and young people will expect rules to be the same. If boundaries and rules are not consistent staff would feel undermined. If one staff allows inappropriate behavior and another disciplines the child, the child would be confused. It is also important to remember when addressing a child or a young person of their unaccepted behavior the appropriate sanction is used according to their age and stage of development. For example a child in key stage one who behaves inappropriately would not be given lunch time detention for not doing their homework as opposed to a child in key stage two or at secondary age. The reason why policies and procedures are in place is for parents to support children and young people in their school work and for children and young people to understand what is expected from them. As well as school having a behavior policy, each class would have their own ‘golden rule’ that was created by the children themselves. The importance of letting children create this rule is to include them and allow them to participate. Children benefit by this as they feel valued which helps their self-esteem and self- development. In my setting children who behave inappropriately are given verbal warning and are encouraged and supported to make more positive choices. If the unaccepted behavior continues throughout out the week the child misses their morning and lunch time break by spending it in detention supervised by the Head teacher. Their parents are also informed they may come a time when a child or a young person’s behavior is out of control that parents, class teacher, Head teacher and appropriate practitioners have to work alongside each other. IEP {Individual Education Plan} is created for the individual and a target is set to manage the child or young person’s unwanted behavior. This approach is known as the S. M. A. R. T target {specific, measurable, achievable, realistic, time, bound/specific} The plan may include use of intervention to get the child not to behave inappropriately. It also has to be specific and clear so the child understands what has to be achieved. The target has to be realistic in order for the child to be able to achieve it, therefore it needs to be relevant and time given is reviewed according to the child’s behavior. Before a child or young person is put on the IEP, teachers invite the child’s parents/guidance/Carer to discuss the behavior. A child’s behavior may be a cause of by many factors that has affected them largely such as a change in family structure, home environment or transition to a new school such as secondary school, it can also be through bereavement, parents getting divorce, parents getting re-married, new siblings or illness on one of the family members. In order to support the child, staff in school setting has to act as role model, it sets the standards of behavior and expectations to the children and young people. This is how they learn about positive behavior by watching us. Praising the child for positive behavior and rewarding them with responsibilities such as head boy/girl prefects, class monitors will build their self-esteem, create a calmer environment and build relationships.